ADEX organizó el VII Foro Logístico
- Representa alrededor del 80% del transporte de mercancías a nivel global y es responsable de casi el 3% de las emisiones de CO2.
- Inteligencia artificial podría ayudar a optimizar diferentes procesos y ámbitos de la logística internacional en el futuro.
El transporte marítimo –representa alrededor del 80% del transporte de mercancías a nivel global y es responsable de casi el 3% de las emisiones de CO2– debe apuntar a una tendencia sostenible a fin de fortalecer las cadenas globales de valor e iniciar una transición energética y un proceso de descarbonización, pues de no hacerlo puede generar una nueva crisis logística en el futuro.
Así lo señaló el oficial asociado de Asuntos Económicos de la Unidad de Infraestructura y Logística de Comercio e Integración de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Cepal), Diogo Aita, durante su ponencia en el VII Foro Logístico, evento organizado por la Asociación de Exportadores (ADEX).
Detalló que alrededor del 40% de la carga marítima se compone de combustibles fósiles, por lo que la transición energética alterará la demanda de transporte marítimo, los tipos y tamaños de buques, y los combustibles utilizados por los puertos y barcos.
“Esto, a su vez, se conecta a una tendencia de desglobalización, situación en la que debemos estar atentos. Recordemos además que el sector transporte en general representa el 23% de las emisiones mundiales de CO2 relacionadas con la energía. Si el mundo se apega a su política actual, las emisiones asociadas con las actividades de carga seguirán creciendo”, enfatizó.
Ese rubro también contribuye indirectamente a una mayor demanda de energía –continuó–, pues la construcción de infraestructura de transporte, la fabricación de vehículos y la producción de combustible generan emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
En ese sentido, apuntó la necesidad de darle un mayor énfasis a las cadenas de suministro y seguridad nacional, especialmente en una coyuntura donde la relocalización aún no es del todo factible. «El entorno geopolítico en deterioro expuso aún más el riesgo asociado a la fuerte dependencia de uno o unos pocos proveedores de alimentos, energía o piezas y componentes para la fabricación estratégica», agregó.
Integración regional
Dada la situación actual, Diogo Aita refirió que, a diferencia de otros continentes y exceptuando Norteamérica, el resto de la región americana se divide en 3 grandes grupos bastantes heterogéneos a pesar de la cercanía: México-Centroamérica, el Caribe y América del Sur.
“México y Centroamérica mantienen importantes vínculos con EE.UU., México y Costa Rica forman parte de las cadenas de valor de América del Norte a través del comercio de productos electrónicos, equipos médicos y producción de vehículos, entre otros. En cambio, los países sudamericanos están más conectados con China y Asia Pacífico que entre ellos mismos, estando entre los principales proveedores de materias primas”, aseveró.
Si bien la dependencia de grandes mercados como China supone un gran riesgo para los exportadores sudamericanos en momentos de bruscas disrupciones como conflictos o rupturas en las cadenas de suministro, es posible una estrategia que promueva un nuevo regionalismo hemisférico en el que sea factible el nearshoring en los países de América Latina y el Caribe (LAC) con diferentes naciones.
“Se pueden abrir espacios a nuevas inversiones a lo largo del hemisferio en sectores estratégicos en los que algunos mercados de la región tienen ventajas comparativas, y que por ahora están más conectados con China y Asia. LAC debe invertir en nuevas tecnologías en sus procesos productivos a fin de aprovechar sus capacidades en el proceso de desglobalización, y agregar valor en las materias primas”, concluyó.
Inteligencia artificial
Por otro lado, el jefe de la Unidad de Logística Comercial de Unctad, Jan Hoffmann, enfatizó en la importancia de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la logística internacional en el futuro, pues ayudará a mejorar diferentes ámbitos de manera eficiente.
“Está la optimización de rutas con nuevos algoritmos que la IA puede analizar a grandes volúmenes de datos como información de tráfico en tiempo real, condiciones climáticas y restricciones legales, para optimizar las rutas de envío. Esto reduciría los tiempos de entrega, minimizar los costos de transporte y mejorar la eficiencia en general”, explicó.
Otros aspectos son la gestión de inventario, el mantenimiento predictivo, la gestión de la cadena de suministro, la automatización de almacenes y la atención al cliente. “Con avances continuos en el campo de la IA, es probable que veamos aún más aplicaciones innovadoras y mejoras en la eficiencia y la gestión logística”, finalizó.
El dato
El evento contó con el patrocinio exclusivo de Scharff y el auspicio de Corporación Sealer’s, Terminal Portuario Arica, Banco de Crédito del Perú y Almacenes del Norte.
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