Actualmente 3.3 millones de peruanos no cuenta con una red pública de agua potable y 6.4 millones no tienen conexiones de alcantarillado.
Lima, 23 de junio de 2023.- Según diversas investigaciones, en los hogares que cuentan con el servicio de agua potable, los casos de diarrea se reducen en 10% y si además tienen instalaciones sanitarias la tasa disminuye en 20%. Estudios también han corroborado que el acceso al agua potable y alcantarillado acorta en 13% la desnutrición crónica infantil, porque contribuye a prevenir las enfermedades diarreicas agudas. Además, al incrementarse en 10% la cobertura de agua potable, se reducen los casos de anemia en 7.9% en una comunidad.
“La falta de agua es una desventaja corrosiva, afecta la salud, la educación, al acceso al trabajo y otras capacidades del ser humano. En el Perú, 9 de cada 10 personas (3.3 millones) tienen agua potable y 8 de cada 10 (6.4 millones) tiene desagüe. Lo que queremos a través de este foro es que estos servicios sean parte de la agenda del sector saneamiento y de todo el Estado”, precisó Mauro Gutiérrez, presidente ejecutivo de la Sunass.
La Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento (Sunass), junto a la Escuela de Gobierno y Políticas Públicas de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), desarrollaron el foro “Las Caras del Agua”, en el que se evidenció el impacto de los servicios de agua potable y alcantarillado en la salud, educación, economía y el ambiente.
En el ámbito rural sólo 3 de cada 100 personas recibe agua adecuadamente clorada. Se ha comprobado que, en este ámbito, al acceder a los servicios de saneamiento, un grupo de estudiantes mejoraron sus calificaciones, se enfermaron menos y no faltaron a clase. Asimismo, que el beber agua saludable durante la jornada escolar, mejora el rendimiento de los alumnos y les ayuda a concentrarse hasta 8 minutos adicionales.
“Según los datos del último Censo Educativo, el porcentaje de locales públicos conectados a la red de agua potable es de 83% en el ámbito urbano y 25% en el rural. Las regiones con menores porcentajes de conexión a la red de agua potable son Huánuco 25%, Ucayali 15%, Loreto 10%”, precisó Daniel Alfaro Paredes, fundador de PIRKA Consultoría.
Asimismo, Katia Anahí Granados Guibovich, directora ejecutiva de la Unidad de Desarrollo de Investigación, Tecnologías y Docencia del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, resaltó que con el acceso al agua las infecciones intrahospitalarias disminuyen con el lavado de manos y destacó cómo se mejoran los indicadores de salud cuando se cuenta con agua segura. Afirmó que, además, la falta de agua potable y saneamiento se relaciona con el incremento de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, como dengue, zika y chikungunya.
“En el ámbito rural 2 de cada 10 niños menores de 5 años tiene desnutrición, y 5 de cada 10 infantes de 6 a 36 meses tiene anemia. He ahí la importancia del acceso al agua segura, pues está comprobado, con evidencia, que disminuye los episodios de diarrea en la niñez y por ende el riesgo de desnutrición crónica infantil”, indicó Fanny Montellanos Carbajal, viceministra de Políticas y Evaluación Social del Ministerio de Desarrollo e Inclusión Social.
Durante el foro se reveló además que el 62% de los que acarrean agua en el hogar son mujeres y niños, lo que dificulta el tiempo que tienen para el desarrollo de otras actividades. Asimismo, los hombres tienen mayor participación en la toma de decisiones de las empresas prestadoras de servicios (EPS), las organizaciones comunales u otras instituciones.
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